Data interpretation
VP-DEZ (Dipole Electric Sounding)
Description:
A classic probing method. The feed dipole (AB) sets the current, and the receiver (MN) records the response. By varying the spacing, the deep structure is explored.
Advantages:
- High depth;
- Suitable for 2D/3D inversion;
- Accurate determination of vertical sections.
Results:
- Apparent resistivity and chargeability curves;
- inversions in the form of geoelectric sections.
VP-SG (Mean Gradient)
Description:
The supply electrodes A and B are installed permanently, measurements are performed using a portable receiving dipole in the middle zone of line AB.
Advantages:
- High acquisition speed;
- uniform area coverage;
- ideal for mapping and early exploration.
Results:
- Apparent resistivity and chargeability maps;
- quick identification of anomalous zones.
Vector IP (RIP, Vector IP)
Description:
The method records the secondary electric field vector (amplitude and direction), which allows for the localization of sources and refinement of the geometry of anomalies.
Advantages:
- Effective in complex 3D geology;
- Helps identify elongated and overlapping objects;
- Improves the accuracy of drilling point selection.
Results:
- VP vector amplitude and azimuth maps;
- comprehensive interpretation in conjunction with remote sensing and geostationary geodesy.
Audio-magnetotelluric sounding (AMTZ, Audio-MT)
Description:
The method is based on recording the Earth's natural electromagnetic field in the "audio" range (1–20,000 Hz). Electrodes and magnetic sensors record field variations, allowing for the study of the electrical conductivity of the upper crust.
Advantages:
- High speed and ease of field work;
- no need for an artificial source;
- optimal for exploring the upper kilometers of a section;
- effective for searching for ore bodies, flood zones, and salt diapirs.
Results:
- Apparent resistivity curves and phase characteristics;
- 1D/2D conductivity distribution sections;
- maps of local anomalies and tectonic faults.
Spectral audio magnetotelluric sounding (SAMT)
Description:
This method is a development of the AMTZ method. It utilizes spectral analysis of natural electromagnetic signals in the audio range, allowing for the identification of useful signals against industrial interference and significantly improving the accuracy of interpretation.
Advantages:
- Increased noise immunity and sensitivity;
- Ability to operate in areas with high levels of electromagnetic noise;
- Improved resolution when plotting cross-sections;
- Suitable for both areal and profile surveys.
Results:
- Spectral curves of apparent resistivity;
- highly detailed conductivity maps and sections;
- refined localization of fault zones and prospective targets.
Magnetotelluric sounding (MTS)
Description:
The method records the Earth's natural electromagnetic field in the range from fractions of a hertz to thousands of hertz. Long-term measurements of electrical and magnetic components make it possible to study the electrical conductivity of the Earth's crust and upper mantle to depths of hundreds of kilometers.
Advantages:
- High depth of exploration;
- Detailed study of regional faults and lithospheric blocks;
- Indispensable for regional geology and assessing the oil and gas potential of basins;
- Effectively combined with seismic and gravimetric measurements.
Results:
- Impedance and phase shift curves;
- 2D/3D deep geoelectric models;
- identification of fault zones, intrusive massifs, and deep anomalies;
- regional maps of lithospheric electrical conductivity distribution.
Description:
The method is based on recording the response of a geoelectric section to alternating current of varying frequencies generated by an artificial source. As the frequency changes, the penetration depth of the electromagnetic field changes, allowing for the study of rock structure at different levels.
Advantages:
- The use of a controlled source guarantees high signal quality;
- a wide range of survey depths—from tens of meters to a few kilometers;
- high sensitivity to changes in electrical conductivity;
- the ability to conduct work even in areas with strong industrial interference.
Results:
- Frequency-apparent resistivity curves;
- Vertical geoelectric sections;
- Refinement of the thickness and nature of conductive layers;
Description:
The method is based on recording the response of a geoelectric section to alternating current of varying frequencies generated by an artificial source. As the frequency changes, the penetration depth of the electromagnetic field changes, allowing for the study of rock structure at different levels.
Advantages:
- The use of a controlled source guarantees high signal quality;
- a wide range of survey depths—from tens of meters to a few kilometers;
- high sensitivity to changes in electrical conductivity;
- the ability to conduct work even in areas with strong industrial interference.
Results:
- Frequency-apparent resistivity curves;
- Vertical geoelectric sections;
- Refining the thickness and nature of conductive layers;
- Location of fault zones, aquifers, and potentially promising ore bodies.
Magnetotelluric profile (MTP)
Description:
The MTP (magnetotelluric profiling) method is based on recording variations in the Earth's natural electromagnetic field in a fixed frequency range. Field measurements are performed along the profile, providing information on lateral changes in rock electrical conductivity.
Advantages:
- High speed of fieldwork;
- effective for mapping fault zones and contacts;
- suitable for identifying tectonic and hydrogeological structures;
- convenient as a rapid method for regional studies.
Results:
- Apparent resistivity profiles;
- conductivity distribution maps in plan view;
- identification of linear anomalies and fault zones.
Magnetovariational Sounding (MVS)
Description:
The method is based on studying electromagnetic variations arising in the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere as a result of solar-geomagnetic activity (dead-end storms). These low-frequency fields penetrate to depths of tens and hundreds of kilometers, allowing for the study of mantle conductivity.
Advantages:
- Exceptionally deep (up to hundreds of kilometers);
- the only method for directly exploring the upper mantle;
- effective for studying the structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere;
- indispensable for solving regional and fundamental geological problems.
Results:
- Magnetic field variation curves;
- deep models of electrical conductivity distribution (lithosphere – mantle);
- identification of lithospheric plate boundaries and deep fault zones;
- construction of regional geoelectric models.
| Метод | Диапазон | Глубина | Применение | Результаты |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| АМТЗ | 1–20 000 Гц | десятки м – первые км | руды, соляные купола, зоны обводнения | кривые КУС, фазовые характеристики, 1D/2D разрезы |
| САМТ | 1–20 000 Гц (спектр) | десятки м – первые км | районы с индустриальными помехами | спектральные кривые, детализированные карты и разрезы |
| МТЗ | 0.001–1000 Гц | десятки – сотни км | региональная геология, нефтегазовые впадины, литосфера | импедансные кривые, 2D/3D модели глубинных структур |
| ЧЗ | десятки Гц – кГц (искусственный источник) | десятки м – первые км | инженерная геология, гидрогеология, экология | кривые частотного КУС, вертикальные разрезы |
| МПП | фиксированные частоты | сотни м – км | выделение разломов и зон нарушений | профили КУС, карты электропроводности |
| ЗСБ | <0.001 Гц | до сотен км | литосфера, мантия, фундаментальные исследования | региональные геоэлектрические модели, границы плит |
- Cleaning and correction of geophysical measurements.
- Creation of maps, profiles, and 2D-3D models.
- Basin modeling;
- Identification and analysis of anomalies.
- Estimation of the depth, shape, and size of geological features.
- Integration with other geophysical and geological materials.
- Creation of geological models and practical recommendations.
- Comprehensive analysis of the results of various types of geophysical surveys (seismic, electrical, magnetic, gravimetry, etc.)
- Identification of geological faults, tectonic zones, and structures, determination of their spatial location and extent
- Mapping the boundaries of geological layers, constructing geological sections and 3D models
- Evaluation of the physical properties of rocks (density, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, elastic parameters) using geophysical data
- Location and prediction of ore and oil and gas accumulation zones, identification of promising targets for prospecting and exploration
- Determination of the depth and thickness of formations, identification of productive horizons
- Comparison of geophysical data with drilling results and geological information to improve the reliability of interpretation
- Identification of anomalous zones and clarification of their nature (tectonic, lithological, man-made, etc.)
- Support for the design of drilling and mining operations based on interpreted models
- Uncertainty assessment and the reliability of the decisions obtained
- Experience in participating in large government projects, including the "Comprehensive Study of Sedimentary Basins of the Republic of Kazakhstan."
- Successful modeling of complex geological objects.
- A team of highly qualified specialists with experience in complex analysis and 3D modeling.
- Use of modern software systems and interpretation methods.
- Available on a turnkey basis, from data collection to completed geological models.
Gravity and magnetic field transformations, correlation and statistical analysis, and the calculation of volumetric models of the distribution of magnetic and density parameters of the geological environment using interpretative tomography methods were performed. The results are presented as a 3D data cube, horizontal and vertical slices, and interpretation profiles. The work made it possible to clarify the geological and structural-tectonic structure of the region, evaluate the quality and information content of historical geophysical data, and identify characteristic gravity and magnetic field anomalies, which provides a reliable basis for predicting ore-promising structures.
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